American Pistachios
Introducing American pistachios
The United States is one of the world’s leading producers of pistachios. In this article, we will talk about the situation of pistachio production in the United States and its future plans to increase its presence in global markets, and through this, draw the attention of buyers of this industry in the world to the current situation of agriculture in this sector.
California pistachio growers have long used a female plant (Kerman) and a male plant (Peters) in their gardens. Despite the many benefits of these figures, there are many concerns about the production and marketing of the final product in this country.
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Pistachio Production Status in California
California pistachio growers have long used a female plant (Kerman) and a male plant (Peters) in their gardens. To evaluate the performance of new cultivars in the industry, randomized, high-replication experiments were performed on pistachios in the San Joaquin Valley, where most US pistachios grow, and after more than a decade of scientific evaluation, Several new varieties in California (such as Kaleh Baghooqi) or other parts of the world (such as Golden Hills) have shown commercial potential for the California pistachio industry that can complement the characteristics of the product produced in Kerman.
Pistachio production in California has increased dramatically in recent years, although the variety of cultivars cultivated in the United States has increased over the years. Between 2005 and 2006, the average value of a California pistachio crop was approximately $ 518 million a year. Unlike most food products produced in California, there is not much variety in pistachio cultivars, and the California pistachio industry is almost dependent on one female cultivar (Kerman) and one male cultivar (Peters).
Anniversary of pistachio trees in America
Most of the fields in the San Joaquin Valley, where more than 90 percent of the American pistachio crop is produced, produce little or no crop in a year, and the time of garden and tree planting does not change this yield, so it seems The weather seems to be involved. Since the California pistachio industry produces a large portion of the pistachio crop in the country, and so far different cultivars of female trees from Kerman have been cultivated in this area, in recent years researchers at the University of California have conducted numerous experiments to produce new cultivars. To reduce Kerman cultivars. The Golden Hills cultivar, introduced in June 2006 at the age of 9, is very similar to the Kerman cultivar, except that it is slightly larger and has more fruiting branches, but these branches are somewhat narrower.
Product arrival time
Most pistachio fields are located in relatively limited areas with similar growing conditions, the whole crop arrives in a short period of time, the harvest begins in mid-September and ends before the end of October.
Most trees in this valley (San Joaquin) are fully harvested in 2 to 3 weeks, so in fertile years (high fruit trees), sufficient equipment is available for harvesting, labor, processing facilities, and sufficient storage. , While in recent years, some of these resources remain unused.
For other nut crops in California, there are early and late varieties, so ready-to-harvest crops are available over a long period of time. August begins and continues with Fritz and Monterey cultivars until late October. Accordingly, in the United States, the price of pistachios decreases in the fertile years and increases in the fertile years.
Commercial pistachio cultivars in California
Commercial pistachio cultivars in California belong to the genus Pistacia vera L. These cultivars are native to large parts of Central Asia, including parts of northeastern Iran, northern Afghanistan, southern Turkmenistan, and southeastern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan. The Mediterranean climate is adapted to long, hot, dry summers and relatively cold winters.
Historically, Iran has been and continues to be a leader in pistachio production. The pistachio industry in California is now well developed, exporting more than 99% of the pistachios consumed in the United States and exporting high quality nut pistachios. Pay worldwide.
Most of these pistachios are grown in deep, calcareous and boric soils, southwest of the San Joaquin Valley, with hot summers, low humidity, low rainfall and strong winds.
Development plans to achieve new figures in the future
Pistachios are grown in California with plenty of irrigation water, high-quality fertilizers, and excellent soils. Pruning and harvesting are also mechanized. Do not be. Due to the different growing conditions of pistachios in other parts of the world, it may be very difficult to identify new and suitable cultivars from other parts of the world.
On the other hand, because pistachios are not yet genetically developed compared to other tree crops and row crops, there is great potential for new varieties to grow and the pistachio industry to grow in California, and experts believe breeding programs should be an important component. Pistachio research programs.
At present, there is a high potential for new foreign cultivars with unique characteristics and suitable for different markets, which have not been studied yet. For example, some small Italian cultivars are very suitable for cooking and have more flavor than Kerman cultivar. And the color of the kernels is greener. Also, closed pistachios may have good advantages for production because they are safe from pests and aflatoxin contamination.
Some other goals can be to produce cultivars that are able to produce a commercially harvestable crop at younger ages, have larger nuts, or be ready to harvest 3 to 4 weeks earlier.
Whether new cultivars are obtained through breeding programs in the United States or through imports from other parts of the world, scientific evaluations will continue to be an important component in producing suitable and acceptable cultivars for the California pistachio industry.
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